National Geography Standard |
1) The World in Spatial Terms
How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective (all used throughout the unit) |
1A) Recognize characteristics and applications of maps, globes, aerial and other images. |
1B) Make and use different globes, graphs, charts, databases, and models. |
1C) Evaluate when to use certain maps or other tools and technology to solve geographic problems |
1D) Use tools and technology to ask and answer questions about spatial distribution and patterns on earth |
2) Mental Maps
How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context. |
2A) Identify important physical and human features on maps |
2B) Draw mental maps and compare to atlases for accuracy |
2C) Draw mental map for a purpose |
2D) Analyze individual’s interpretations and attitudes toward places through their mental maps |
3) Spatial information on EarthHow to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth’s surface |
3A) Analyze and explain physical and human distribution |
3B) Analyze and explain patterns of land use patterns such as distance, accessibility, and connections |
3C) Explain how places are connected and their interdependence and accessibility |
3D) Describe patterns of migration and diffusion |
4) Places and Regions
The physical and human characteristics of places |
4A) Analyze the physical characteristics of a place (p.150) |
4B) Analyze the human characteristics of places (p. 150) |
4C) Identify and analyze how technology shapes human characteristics of places (p. 151) |
5) Creating Regions
People create regions to interpret Earth’s complexity (pp. 152-153) |
5A) Identify the criteria used to define a region |
5B) Identify types of regions |
5C) Explain how regions change over space and time |
5D) Explain how regions are connected |
5E) Evaluate the influences and effects of regional labels and images |
6) Cultural Influence on Regions
How culture and experience influence people’s perception of places and regions |
6A) Evaluate the characteristics of places and regions from a variety of points of view |
6B) Explain how technology affects the ways in which culture groups perceive and use places and regions |
6C) Identify ways culture influences people’s perceptions of places and regions |
6D) Illustrate and explain how places and regions serve as cultural symbols |
7) Physical Systems
The physical processes that shape the patterns of the Earth’s surface |
7A) Use physical processes to explain patterns in the physical environment |
7B) Analyze physical patterns in terms of processes that created them |
7C) Explain how Earth-Sun relationships affect Earth’s physical processes and create physical patterns |
7D) Describe the processes that produce renewable and nonrenewable resources |
7E) Predict the consequences of a specific physical process operating on Earth’s surface |
8) Physical Systems and Ecosystems
The characteristics and spatial distributions of ecosystems on Earth’s surface |
8A) Explain the distribution of ecosystems from local to global scales |
8B) Explain the functions and dynamics of ecosystems |
8C) Explain how physical processes influence ecosystems |
8D) Explain how human processes contribute to changes in ecosystems |
9) Human Systems – Migration, Population
The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface |
9A) Describe the structure of different populations through the use of key demographic concepts |
9B) Analyze the population characteristics of places to explain population patterns |
9C) Explain migration streams over time |
9D) Describe ways in which human migration influences the character of a place |
10) Human Systems – Culture
The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth’s cultural mosaics |
10A) Identify ways in which communities reflect the cultural background of their inhabitants |
10B) Identify and describe the distinctive cultural landscapes associated with migrant populations |
10C) Describe and explain the significances of patterns of cultural diffusion in the creation of Earth’s varied cultural mosaic |
11) Human Systems – Pattens of Economics
The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface |
11A) List and define the major terms used to describe economic activity in a geographic context |
11B) Explain the spatial aspects of systems designed to deliver goods and services |
11C) Analyze and evaluate issues related to the spatial distribution of economic activities |
11D) Identify and explain the primary geographic causes for world trade |
11E) Analyze historical and contemporary economic trade networks |
11F) Identify and explain the factors influencing industrial location in the United States |
11G) Compare and evaluate the roles of historical and contemporary systems of transportation and communication in the development of economic activities |
12) Human Systems – Settlement
The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement |
12A) Identify and describe settlement patterns |
12B) Identify factors involved in the development of cities |
12C) Analyze the ways in which both the landscape and society would change as a consequence of shifting from a dispersed to a concentrated settlement form |
12D) Explain the causes and consequences of urbanization |
12E) Identify and define the internal spatial structures of cities |
13) Human Systems – Cooperation and Conflict
How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth’s surface |
13A) Identify and explain reasons for the different spatial divisions in which the student lives |
13B)Explain why people cooperate but also engage in conflict to control Earth’s surface |
13C)Describe the factors that affect the cohesiveness and integration of countries |
13D) Analyze the divisions on Earth’s surface at different scales (local to global) |
14) Environment and Society – Human Actions
How human actions modify the physical environment |
14A) Analyze the environmental consequences of humans changing the physical environment |
14B) Identify and explain the ways in which human-induced changes in the physical environment in one place can cause changes in other places |
14C) Evaluate the ways in which technology influences human capacity to modify the physical environment |
15) Environment and Society – Physical Systems
How physical systems affect human systems |
15A) Analyze ways in which human systems develop in response to conditions in the physical environment |
15B) Explain how the characteristics of different physical environments affect human activities |
15C) Describe the effects of natural hazards on human systems |
16) Environment and Society – Resources
The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources |
16A) Describe and analyze world patterns of resource distribution and utilization |
16B) Describe the consequences of the use of resources in the contemporary world |
16C) Evaluate different viewpoints regarding resource use |
16D) Identify the role of technology in resource acquisition and use |
16E) Identify and develop plans for the management and use of renewable, nonrenewable, and flow resources |
16F) Explain the critical importance of energy resources to the development of human societies |
17) The Uses of Geography – Past
How to apply geography to interpret the past |
17A) Describe the ways in which the spatial organization of society changes over time |
17B) Assess the roles that spatial and environmental perceptions played in the past |
17C) Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historic events |
17D) List and describe significant physical features that have influence historical events |
18) The Uses of Geography – Present and Future
How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future |
18A) Analyze the interaction between physical and human systems to understand possible causes and effects of current conditions on Earth and to speculate on future conditions |
18B) Integrate multiple points of view to analyze and evaluate contemporary geographic issues |
18C) Demonstrate an understanding of spatial organization of human activities and physical systems and be able to make informed decisions |